常見的電纜故障

電(dian)線(xian)表(biao)面(mian)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)——根(gen)據國家標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)規定，電(dian)線(xian)表(biao)面(mian)應有制造(zao)廠名、產(chan)品(pin)型號和額(e)定電(dian)壓的(de)連續標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)。這(zhe)(zhe)有利(li)于在電(dian)線(xian)使用(yong)過程中發生問題(ti)時能及時找(zhao)到制造(zao)廠，消費(fei)者在選購電(dian)線(xian)時務(wu)必注意(yi)這(zhe)(zhe)一點。同時消費(fei)者在選購電(dian)線(xian)時應注意(yi)合格證上標(biao)(biao)明的(de)制造(zao)廠名、產(chan)品(pin)型號、額(e)定電(dian)壓與(yu)電(dian)線(xian)表(biao)面(mian)的(de)印刷標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)是(shi)否一致，防止冒(mao)牌產(chan)品(pin)。

電(dian)線(xian)外觀(guan)——消費(fei)者在選購電(dian)線(xian)時(shi)應(ying)注(zhu)意(yi)電(dian)線(xian)的(de)外觀(guan)應(ying)光(guang)滑平整(zheng)，絕緣和護套層無損壞，標志印字(zi)清晰(xi)，手模電(dian)線(xian)時(shi)無油膩感。從(cong)電(dian)線(xian)的(de)橫截(jie)面(mian)看，電(dian)線(xian)的(de)整(zheng)個(ge)圓周上絕緣或護套的(de)厚度(du)應(ying)均(jun)勻，不應(ying)偏(pian)芯，絕緣或護套應(ying)有一定的(de)厚度(du)。

導體線(xian)(xian)(xian)徑——消費(fei)者在選購電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)應注意(yi)導體線(xian)(xian)(xian)徑是否與合格證(zheng)上(shang)(shang)明(ming)示的(de)(de)截面相符，若導體截面偏小，容易(yi)使電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)發熱引起(qi)短路。建議(yi)家庭照明(ming)線(xian)(xian)(xian)路用(yong)(yong)電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)1.5平(ping)(ping)方(fang)毫米(mi)及(ji)以上(shang)(shang)規格；空調(diao)、微波爐等用(yong)(yong)功率較大的(de)(de)家用(yong)(yong)電(dian)器應采(cai)用(yong)(yong)2.5平(ping)(ping)方(fang)毫米(mi)及(ji)以上(shang)(shang)規格的(de)(de)電(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)。

規范使用(yong)——應(ying)規范布線(xian)(xian)(xian)，固(gu)定線(xian)(xian)(xian)路最(zui)好采(cai)用(yong)BV單芯(xin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)穿(chuan)管子，注意(yi)在(zai)布線(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)不要(yao)碰壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian),在(zai)房間(jian)裝潢時(shi)不要(yao)碰壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)；在(zai)一路線(xian)(xian)(xian)里中間(jian)不要(yao)接頭；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)接入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)箱(xiang)(盒)時(shi)不要(yao)碰線(xian)(xian)(xian)；另外用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量較大的家用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)如空調等應(ying)單獨一路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)最(zui)好保持(chi)一定距離(li)。

電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線路常見的(de)故障(zhang)有機械損(sun)傷(shang)、絕緣損(sun)傷(shang)、絕緣受潮、絕緣老化變質、過電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)過熱故障(zhang)等(deng)。當(dang)線路發生(sheng)上述故障(zhang)時，應(ying)切斷故障(zhang)電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)源，尋找故障(zhang)點(dian)，對(dui)故障(zhang)進行(xing)檢查及分析，然(ran)后進行(xing)修(xiu)理和(he)試驗，該割(ge)除(chu)的(de)割(ge)除(chu)，待(dai)故障(zhang)消除(chu)后，方可恢(hui)復供電(dian)(dian)。

埋設電纜安全要求

1、電纜線相互交叉時(shi)，應(ying)在低壓電纜下方。如果其(qi)中一條電纜在交叉點(dian)前后1m范圍內(nei)穿(chuan)管保(bao)護或用隔板(ban)隔開時(shi)，最小允許距離為0.15m。

2、電纜與熱力管道接近或交(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)時(shi)，如有(you)隔熱措施，平行和(he)交(jiao)(jiao)叉(cha)的最小距(ju)離(li)分別為0.5m和(he)0.15m。

3、電纜與鐵路或(huo)道路交叉時應穿管(guan)保護，保護管(guan)應伸出軌道或(huo)路面2m以(yi)外。

4、電(dian)纜與建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)基礎的距離，應(ying)能保證電(dian)纜埋設(she)在建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)散水以(yi)外；電(dian)纜引入建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)時(shi)應(ying)穿管(guan)保護(hu)，保護(hu)管(guan)亦應(ying)超出建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)散水以(yi)外。

5、直接埋在地下的電纜(lan)(lan)與一(yi)般接地裝(zhuang)置的接地之(zhi)間(jian)應相距0.15~0.5m；直接埋在地下的電纜(lan)(lan)埋設深度，一(yi)般不應小于0.7m，并(bing)應埋在凍土層(ceng)下。